فصلنامه روان شناسی مدرسه
سال دهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 39، پاییز 1400)

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of academic engagement on emotional creativity. The research method was quasi-experimental in two groups (experimental and control groups) with pre-test-post-test design. The population of the study was the sophomore female high school students in the academic year 2018-2019 in Qom. They were randomly placed in two equal groups. Both groups completed April (1999) Emotional Creativity Questionnaire as a pre-test, post-test. Data analysis was performed using covariance. The results showed that the educational intervention caused a significant change in emotional creativity and dimensions of readiness and innovation, so that it explains about 34.9% of emotional readiness, 35.3% of innovation and 37.5% of changes in emotional creativity (P=0.01). But in terms of effectiveness/originality, no significant difference was observed between the experimental and control groups. The results of this study has implications for improving academic characteristics, especially students'''' emotional creativity.

The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of mindfulness-based intervention on social anxiety and resilience of female high school students. For this purpose, in an experimental design with pretest-posttest and control group, 40 female high school students were selected based on cut-off point of Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN) and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). They were randomly assigned to control (n=20) and experimental (n=20) groups. The experimental group received mindfulness-based intervention for eight sessions and the control group did not receive any intervention. Both groups completed the questionnaires before and after the intervention. The data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). The results showed that mindfulness-based intervention had a significant effect on social anxiety (F=173.83, P=0.001) and resilience (F=67.578, P=0.001) of students. Accordingly, it can be concluded that mindfulness-based intervention is an effective method in modulating and regulating social anxiety and the resilience of female students.

The purpose of this study was to explain the mediating role of aesthetic intelligence in the relation of self-handicapping on academic buoyancy, psychological playfulness and life orientation in teenagers. The population included all students of high schools in Poldokhtar city in 2017-2018 amounting to 3990 people. According to Krejcie and Morgan''s table, 350 participants were selected as the sample by multi-stage sampling. The following instruments were used to collect the data: Jones and Rudolph self-handicapping, Dehghanizadeh et al.’s academic buoyancy, Rashid et al.’s aesthetic intelligence, Shearer and Carver’s life orientation and Shen, Chick and Zinn’s psychological playfulness. The findings showed that the conceptual model of research was confirmed and self-handicapping had a significant and negative effect on aesthetic intelligence, academic buoyancy, psychological playfulness and life orientation. More importantly, aesthetic intelligence had a significant and positive effect on academic buoyancy and psychological playfulness, although, aesthetic intelligence did not have a significant effect on the participants’ life orientation. As result, in schools, self-handicapping has harmful effects on the psychological characteristics and educational outcomes of teenagers; nevertheless, relying on aesthetic intelligence can help reduce the adverse effects of this unfavorable trait and provide a good basis for the emergence of positive psychological and educational outcomes.

The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of fear of failure and difficulty in regulating emotion in the relationship between negative perfectionism and academic procrastination. The method of this research was descriptive-correlational. The population of the study consisted of high school students who were studying in Bastak education region of Hormozgan in the academic year 2018-2019. From this population, 234 male and female students were selected as the sample by multi-stage random cluster sampling. In this study, Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, Conroy Fear of Failure Scale, Gratz and Roemer Scale of Difficulty in Emotional Regulation, and Solomon and Rothblum Academic Procrastination Scale were used, and the data were analyzed using SPSS 20 and AMOSE 20 using multiple regression and path analysis. The results showed that the components of negative perfectionism have a positive and direct effect on fear of failure and difficulty in emotional regulation. The main results of the study showed that the mediating role of fear of failure and difficult components in emotion regulation in relation to the components of negative perfectionism with students'''' academic procrastination was confirmed and also the fit of the structural model of the research was confirmed.

This research is intended to survey the mediating role of communication interactions on the relationship between school entrance age and the birth order with students' academic achievement of high school students in Rasht. This research is applied and cross-sectional. The population included all high school students in Rasht. The Carole Glass Interaction Questionnaire (1994), and the students' grade point average were used to collect data in order to measure their academic achievement. The findings revealed that the school entrance age and the birth order (β=0.25, R2=0.17), (β=0.15, R2=0.039) respectively and mediating communication interactions (Β=0.13, R2=0.022) (β=0.11, R2=0.16) directly influenced the academic achievement of the participants.  It can be concluded that the school entrance age and the birth order are variables affecting academic achievement. In addition, communication interactions have a more effective role in this process.

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Nahj al-Balagha's psychological teachings on life satisfaction and reducing anxiety, stress and depression in adolescents. The research method was experimental with pre-test and post-test with a control group. The population of this study was all male high school students (12th grade) in Ardabil city. For this purpose, 40 students were selected based on availability sampling and randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The students participated in this study by completing the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (DASS-21) and the Multidimensional Scale of Student Life Satisfaction, once before and once after the treatment sessions. The experimental group was taught the Nahj al-Balagha psychological instruction for 10 sessions, but the control group did not receive any training program. After data collection, the results were analyzed by SPSS software. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. The results showed that through Nahj al-Balaghah's psychological teachings, the mean scores for life satisfaction in the experimental group significantly increased and their mean scores of anxiety, stress and depression decreased. According to the results of this study, it can be said that group training of Nahj al-Balaghah psychological trainings is an effective method in promoting adolescent's psychological health.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of body psychotherapy on the practical intelligence capabilities of elementary students. In this regard, pre-test and post-test design with control group was used and this was a quasi-experimental study. The population of the study consisted of four elementary public school students of (two for males and two for females) in District Six of Mashhad who were studying during 2018-2019 academic year. Using availability sampling, 42 elementary students were randomly assigned to two groups: 10 boys and 10 girls in the control group, 12 boys and 10 girls in the experimental group who received body psychotherapy. Body psychotherapy was provided to the experimental group in 36 sessions of 60 minutes for 3 months and during this period the control group was put on the waiting list. The measuring tool used in this study was Goodenough Intelligence Test. Covariance analysis was used to analyze the data. By applying two-group covariance analysis test to compare post-test differences between the two groups, with pre-test control, the results showed that body psychotherapy had a significant effect on increasing the practical intelligence capabilities of elementary students (p

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of time out, cognitive regeneration, and cognitive diffusion techniques in children's self-control. This research was a quasi-experimental study with a multi-group post-test design with a control group. The population consisted of all elementary students of Hamadan city in the academic year 2017-2018. The sample consisted of 60 children who were selected by multistage cluster random sampling and were randomly assigned to four experimental and control groups. The data collection instrument was the amount of time spent not eating sweets up to 10 minutes. The results of analysis of variance showed that there was a significant difference between groups (p < 0.01). Post hoc test results showed that time out and cognitive restructuring techniques had a significant effect on increasing self-control scores of the participants (ρ < 0.01). But the impact of cognitive diffusion on self-control was not significant (ρ = 0.08). Also, time out could increase self-control more than cognitive restructuring in the participants. According to the results, cognitive deprivation and time out techniques can be used to increase the level of self-control in children.

The purpose of this research was to examine the diagnostic validity of Reynolds Intellectual Assessment Scale (2nd edition) in pre-school students with attention deficit-hyperactivity/impulsive disorders in Islamshahr City. The population included pre-school students of Islamshahr city who came to counseling centers. The sample consisted of 120 pre- school students with 60 students with attention deficit-hyperactivity/impulsive disorders who were selected through targeted sampling and 60 normative students who were selected by systematic random sampling. The research is a narrative study examining diagnostic validity as a psychometric attribute. In order to analyze the data, after descriptive analyses, through scatter plot (with emphasis on Davis) and confidence intervals, attention deficit-hyperactivity/impulsivity of the Reynolds Intellectual Assessment Scale (2nd edition) was examined. The findings indicated that the scale of "fluid intelligence" and "processing speed" are the most important diagnostic criterion for attention deficit-hyperactivity/impulsive; therefore, the second version of the Reynolds Intelligence Assessment Scale has a diagnostic validity and can predict students with attention deficit-hyperactivity/impulsive disorders.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive self-compassion training in increasing the resiliency, psychological well-being and distress tolerance of female teachers of elementary schools in Sabzevar. This research was quasi-experimental study using pre-test-post-test with control group. The sample included 40 female teachers of the mentioned population who volunteered to participate in training program. They were selected by random sampling and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (each group, n=20). After conducting the pre-test using the Connor and Davidson Resilience, Ryff psychological well-being Scale, and distress tolerance scale by Simmons and Gahir, covariance analysis was used to analyze the data. The results showed that cognitive self-compassion training has a significant positive effect on female teachers of elementary schools for resiliency, psychological well-being and distress tolerance (p < 0.05). Accordingly, cognitive self-compassion training is an effective intervention program for helping female teachers of elementary schools.

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of social compliance and social commitment in Blumer's interpretiveness in high school teachers. The method of the present study is descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the present study consisted of all high school teachers in Ardabil in the academic year 2019-2020. A sample of 120 people was selected from this population by cluster random sampling method and they answered the researcher-made questionnaire of interpretiveness and social conformity and the questionnaire of social commitment. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and regression tests using SPSS 25 software. The results of correlation coefficient showed that interpretiveness has a positive and significant relationship with the total score of social compliance and social commitment (p <0.05). The results of regression analysis also showed that 11% of the total variance of interpretiveness is explained by social compliance and social commitment. Practically, due to the importance of social cohesion and social commitment, it is suggested to school principals, psychologists and counselors to hold training workshops to improve the adaptation and social commitment of teachers.